Okugabanya antenna za RFID .

RFID antenna kitundu kikulu nnyo mu RFID system, nga kino kye kyuma ekikwatagana wakati wa circuit ne space. Ye ddirisa ery’okukyusa amayengo agalagirwa n’amasoboza g’amayengo ag’omu bwengula ag’eddembe. Waliwo ebika bingi ebya RFID antenna, ebiyinza okukozesebwa mu frequency ez’enjawulo, ebigendererwa, emikolo, ebyetaago, n’embeera endala.

Okugabanya antenna za RFID .
Okutwalira awamu antenna za RFID zisobola okwawulwamu antenna za RFID tag ne antenna za RFID reader/writer, eziyinza okwongera okugabanyizibwamu omnidirectional antennas ne directional antennas okusinziira ku directionality yazo; Okusinziira ku njawulo mu ndabika, era esobola okugabanyizibwamu antenna za layini ne antenna za planar, etc; Okusinziira ku nkola ya dizayini ya antenna, waliwo ebika bisatu ebikulu: ekika kya koyilo, ekika kya microstrip patch, n’ekika kya dipole.

Low frequency ne high frequency RFID okusinga zikozesa coil antennas, ebiseera ebisinga nga zikozesa copper wire. Antenna ya koyilo akuba waya y’ekyuma mu nnyonyi oba okugizinga ku kisenge kya magineeti. Mu ngeri enkakali, koyilo ey’ekika kino teyinza kutwalibwa nga antenna, naye mu butuufu ye coil mutual inductance effect era erina enkola ennyangu. Ekitundu kya koyilo kikwatagana n’obuwanvu bw’okutegeera. Olw’emirundi mingi ekozesebwa ku frequency enkulu, omuwendo gw’enkulungo antenna guwundu nnyo okusinga ku frequency entono, ekifuula okufulumya antenna za RFID eza waggulu-eza frequency eza waggulu okuba ennyangu ate nga za buseere.

Antenna ezikozesebwa mu ultra-High frequency RFID zibeera antenna za ddala, era waliwo enkola nnyingi ez’okukuba etching ezikozesebwa, omuli antenna ezikuba ekikomo ne antenna za aluminum etching. Enkola era zikuze nnyo, era antenna zeetaagibwa ku bipande eby’amasannyalaze n’ebisomi mu ultra-RFID ya frequency enkulu. Antenna mu bipande by’ebyuma byetaaga okukwatagana n’ekiziyiza ekizibu, ekisalibwawo chip ya tag, era obuzibu bwa buli chip bwa njawulo. N’olwekyo, ekika kya layini ya antenna tekiyinza kuba kya bulijjo, era chip empya yeetaaga antenna erongooseddwa. Waliwo ebika eby’enjawulo ebya ultra-High frequency tag antennas, era ezikozesebwa ennyo ze antenna za dipole. antenna za dipole zikolebwa waya bbiri ezigolokofu ez’obuwanvu n’obuwanvu bwe bumu nga zisengekeddwa mu layini engolokofu, era akabonero kaliisibwa okuva mu nkomerero bbiri eza wakati. Obuwanvu bwa antenna bwe busalawo ekika kya frequency. antenna za dipole zirina ebirungi by’amasoboza amalungi ag’obusannyalazo, ensengekera ennyangu, n’obulungi obw’amaanyi; Antenna ya ultra-esinga okusomibwa ku frequency esinga kukolebwa antenna eziringa pulati, nga kwotadde ne antenna ezifaanana ng’omuggo n’okumpi-ebifo eby’omu nnimiro. Mu Ultra-RFID ya frequency enkulu, antenna y’emu ku nsonga enkulu ezisalawo ebanga ly’okusoma, era ebanga ly’obusannyalazo n’obulagirizi bisalibwawo ddala antenna.

Microstrip patch antenna zirina engeri za low profile, obuzito obutono, okukola okwangu, okwangu okukwatagana n’ebintu, n’omulimu gw’amasannyalaze ogw’enjawulo. Zikolebwamu kondakita za patch z’amasannyalaze eziyungiddwa ku bitundutundu bya dielectric nga zirina ebitundutundu by’ebyuma. Okusinziira ku mpisa z’obusannyalazo bwa antenna, kondakita za patch zisobola okukolebwa mu ngeri ez’enjawulo. Antenna ya microstrip patch erimu ekipande kya circuit nga kiriko enjuyi ennya ku nkomerero, era obuwanvu n’obugazi bwa rectangle bye bisalawo ebanga lya frequency.

Ebipimo by'eby'ekikugu ebya RFID antenna .
Ebikulu eby’ekikugu mu antenna ya RFID reader mulimu frequency band, gain, standing wave, front to back ratio, beam width, n’obulagirizi bwa polarization; Ebipimo eby’ekikugu ebya RFID tag antenna okusinga mulimu frequency band, gain, polarization direction, standing wave, directional pattern, etc.

1. Okufuna .
Omugerageranyo gw’amagoba (gain coefficient) ye paramita egera mu bujjuvu okukyusa amaanyi n’engeri y’obulagirizi bwa antenna. Kiva mu mugerageranyo gw’obulagirizi n’obulungi bwa antenna. Omugatte gwa antenna directional coefficients gye gukoma okuba waggulu, omugerageranyo gw’amagoba gye gukoma okuba waggulu.

2. Obulagirizi bwa polarization .
Ebifaananyi bya polarizaasi bitegeeza enkyukakyuka ey’ekiseera ey’obulagirizi bwa vekitala y’ennimiro y’amasannyalaze mu ndagiriro y’obusannyalazo bwa antenna. Obulagirizi bwa polarizaasi bwe bulagirizi bw’ekifo ky’amasannyalaze ekya antenna, n’enkola za polarizaasi za antenna mulimu ensengekera ya linear polarization (horizontal polarization ne vertical polarization) ne circular polarization (ku kkono-okuwunyiriza n’okuwugulaza ku ddyo-handed polarization).

Okutwaliza awamu, low-Frequency ne High-Emirundi egy’okukozesa enkola z’okukozesa okumpi n’ebanga ery’okutegeera eritakka wansi wa 1M okutwalira awamu kozesa antenna ez’ekika kya coil ezirina tekinologiya omungu ate nga ya ssente ntono; antenna za dipole ne microstrip patch zikozesebwa mu ultra-enkola z’okukozesa frequency enkulu-enkola z’okukozesa ewala waggulu wa 1m.